The Maldives Marine Research Institute (MMRI) has issued a warning about the dire outlook for Maldivian reefs, highlighting the onset of localised coral bleaching in some regions.
According to forecasts from the United States’ National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the situation is expected to escalate, reaching a critical “Alert Level 2” – the highest on the scale – within the next nine to twelve weeks.
Currently, the coral bleaching alert level is marked at a “yellow watch,” urging local communities and divers to report any signs of bleaching via the MMRI’s Coral Database. The NOAA predicts an advancement to a warning state in the next four weeks, with “Alert Level 1” anticipated within five to eight weeks.
This alarming update from MMRI underscores the severe challenges faced by the Maldives’ coral ecosystems, which are integral to the nation’s environmental and economic well-being.
Coral bleaching, a phenomenon triggered by rising sea temperatures and environmental stressors, results in corals expelling the algae living in their tissues, leading to a loss of their vibrant colors and a reduction in their food sources. This can significantly weaken the corals, making them more susceptible to disease and mortality if the stress conditions persist.
The MMRI’s comprehensive report on the status and trends of hard coral cover in the Maldives from 1998 to 2021 paints a nuanced picture of the reefs’ conditions over the years. Following the devastating bleaching event of 1998, which saw live coral cover plummet to as low as 1%, a National Coral Reef Monitoring Program was established. This long-term effort has provided valuable data illustrating the resilience and recovery patterns of the reefs in response to subsequent bleaching events and the impact of global warming.
While the report shows signs of recovery and resilience in certain regions, indicating an optimistic outlook for some coral cover trends, it also emphasises significant variability in recovery across different areas and management practices. For instance, some regions exhibited strong recovery trends post the 2016 bleaching event, while others displayed different trajectories with fluctuations in coral cover.
The MMRI report also highlights the importance of monitoring and understanding the effects of management regimes and reef depths on coral cover trends. Differences were noted between coral cover in managed and unmanaged areas, as well as between shallow and deep reefs, suggesting that both intrinsic and human-influenced factors play critical roles in the health and sustainability of these marine ecosystems.
The urgency of the current situation calls for immediate action and collaboration among local communities, government organisations, environmental NGOs, and international bodies to mitigate the impacts of climate change and safeguard these vital marine habitats for future generations.